Gerund and Infinitive
Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja yang
karena kasus tertentu harus ditambah -ing (Verb-ing). Gerund juga dikenal
dengan istilah kata kerja yang dibendakan.
To
infinitive merupakan
bentuk kata kerja (Verb) simple dengan mendapat awalan 'to'. Dibawah anda akan
diberikan tentang penggunaan Gerund dan Infinitive beserta contoh-contohnya.
Penggunaan
Gerund :
1. Kata Kerja (Verb) sebagai subyek
Suatu kata
kerja atau Verb yang berubah menjadi kata benda(Noun) berperan sebagai subjek
kalimat tersebut.
Contoh
kalimat :
- Speaking
is better than thinking.
- Swimming
is a good sport.
- Jogging
makes us fresh .
2. Kata Kerja (Verb) sebagai objek/complement.
Suatu kata
kerja atau Verb yang berubah menjadi kata benda(Noun) berperan sebagai objek
pelengkap kalimat tersebut.
Contoh
kalimat :
- She likes
dancing
- My hobby
is cycling
3. Kata Kerja (Verb) sebagai
prepotional object
Suatu kata
kerja atau Verb yang berubah menjadi kata benda(Noun) berperan sebagai objek
yang berpreposisi pada kalimat tersebut.
Contoh
kalimat :
- I am sorry
for coming late.
- On opening
the door, I saw him.
- Before
leaving, he said nothing.
4. Setelah Istilah Khusus
Contoh
kalimat :
- No use
(tiada guna)
It is no use
studying without practicing
- to be
worth (bermanfaat)
It is worth
reading source books
- to be busy
(sibuk)
She is busy
preparing for the exams
- can't
help/can't bear (tidak bisa menahan)
She usually
can't help laughing when she hears a joke
- to be used
to (terbiasa)
I am used to
eating gudeg Yogya
- get used
to (telah terbiasa)
She gets
used to living near the airport
- to be
accustomed to (telah terbiasa)
Rudi is
accustomed to wearing a tie during his work
5. Kata Kerja setelah possessive
adjective : my, yours, his, her, our, their, your, Amir's, etc
Suatu kata
kerja(Verb) yang berubah menjadi kata benda(Noun) berada setelah kata ganti
kepunyaan.
Contoh
kalimat :
- He
teaching is fascinating.
- His
starting frightens me.
- I hate
Iwan's wearing earing.
6. Kata Kerja setelah Kata Kerja
tertentu :
admit
|
mind
|
appreciate
|
miss
|
claim
|
postpone
|
can't help
|
practice
|
resume
|
advise
|
consider
|
recall
|
avoid
|
regret
|
delay
|
report
|
deny
|
recent
|
risk
|
resist
|
enjoy
|
suggest
|
finish
|
Contoh
kalimat :
- Would you
mind helping me?
- We enjoying seeing them again after so many years
- We enjoying seeing them again after so many years
7. Kata Kerja setelah kata kerja/kata
sifat tertentu yang selalu dirangkai dengan 'to' namun harus diikuti gerund
(Verb-ing)
confess to
|
dedicate to
|
object to
|
to be used to
|
advance to
|
get used to
|
look forward to
|
to be accustormed to
|
to be opposed to
|
key to
|
Contoh
kalimat :
- We are
looking forward to going back to school.
- Bob confessed to stealing the jewels.
- Bob confessed to stealing the jewels.
Penggunaan
To Infinitive :
1. Kata Kerja setelah objek Pelaku
(accusative object)
Suatu Verb
yang terletak setelah objek suatu kalimat.
Contoh
kalimat :
- She want
me to buy a new camera
- Prabu
asked me to go with him.
2. Kata Kerja setelah kata tanya yang mengawali klausa
kata benda (noun clause)
Suatu kata kerja atau Verb yang digunakan setelah
kalimat tanya yang mengawali klausa kata benda.
Contoh kalimat :
- She wanted
to know how to manage the business
- I don't
know what to do.
3. Kata Kerja sebagai complement
(object complement dan impersonal it complement)
Suatu kata
kerja atau Verb sebagai pelengkap yang digunakan untuk menerangkan subjek
ataupun menerangkan hal lain selain subjek dalam kalimat tersebut.
Contoh
kalimat :
- He is a
nice man to talk.
- Dedy is
too young to run the business.
4. Kata Kerja setelah kata kerja
tertentu :
agree
|
hope
|
seem
|
attemp
|
need
|
strive
|
claim
|
intent
|
tend
|
decide
|
learn
|
want
|
demand
|
offer
|
try
|
desire
|
plan
|
wish
|
fail
|
prepare
|
expect
|
forget
|
pretend
|
|
hesitate
|
refuse
|
Contoh
kalimat :
- Prabu expect to begin studying law
next month.
- Ratu learned to swim when she was young.
- Ratu learned to swim when she was young.
5. Kata
Kerja setelah kata sifat berikut
anxious
|
good
|
able
|
boring
|
glad
|
usual
|
dangerous
|
ready
|
common
|
certain
|
pleased
|
difficult
|
eager
|
prepared
|
wrong
|
Contoh
kalimat :
- The
students are not yet able to handle such problem.
- Seta is anxious to see his family.
- Seta is anxious to see his family.
Terdapat
sekelompok kata kerja yang dapat diikuti baik gerund (Verb-ing) ataupun to
infinitive (to + V1), yang mana memiliki pengertian berbeda.
Example :
> Dedi
stops studying (Dedi tidak belajar lagi).
> Dedi
stops to study (Dedi berhenti melakukan sesuatu lantas belajar).
stop
|
forget
|
remember
|
regret
|
- Terdapat
kelompok kata kerja yang dapat diikuti gerund (Verb-ing) dan to
infinitive (to + V1) yang mana arti dan maknanya sama
Example :
> He
started to study after midnight = He started studying after midnight.
> John
hates to ride his bicycle to school = John hates riding his bicycle to school.
> I
started to work = I started working.
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق